The traditional oblique cameras cannot self-calibrate to complete the three-dimensional (3D) modeling to meet high mapping accuracy requirements. We propose an oblique combined camera system, called a texture camera, aboard an unmanned airship that can simultaneously obtain a single vertical image and four oblique images of an object. The images acquired by this self-calibrating camera system can be used to produce traditional products on a large scale. Additionally, they can be used to accurately determine the orientation elements of each individual camera, which are essential for 3D modeling. With the methods of building texture extraction and color optimization, the processing of 3D building texture can be completed automatically and quickly. Experimental results show that our strategy can meet the precision requirements of an aerial survey topographic map with a scale of 1:500, and that the building facade textures are complete and clear. Using this texture camera system, 3D building models with a high mapping accuracy and realistic textures can be established.