Observe to get pain relief: current evidence and potential mechanisms of socially learned pain modulation

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Pain Translational Symptom Science, School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ² Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ³ Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ⁴ Departments of Anesthesiology and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.