Cardiac inotropic activity can be triggered by beta 1-, beta 2- and alpha 1-adrenoreceptors in the heart when stimulated with appropriate agonists. Dopaminergic receptor agonists have little influence on contractile force but the peripheral vasodilatation, improved renal perfusion and enhanced natriuresis mediated by dopaminergic receptor stimulation may improve a condition of congestive heart failure. After a general survey of cardiac beta- and alpha-adrenoreceptors and of dopaminergic receptors in the cardiovascular system, the following receptor-mediated inotropic drugs are discussed: isoprenaline, dobutamine, xamoterol, pirbuterol, terbutaline, salbutamol, dopamine, L-dopa and dopexamine. Attention is paid to the receptor profile of these compounds and to the scope and limitations of their application as inotropic drugs in the treatment of congestive heart failure.