A Potent Germline-like Human Monoclonal Antibody Targets a pH-Sensitive Epitope on H7N9 Influenza Hemagglutinin

Cell Host Microbe. 2017 Oct 11;22(4):471-483.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.08.011. Epub 2017 Sep 28.

Abstract

The H7N9 influenza virus causes high-mortality disease in humans but no effective therapeutics are available. Here we report a human monoclonal antibody, m826, that binds to H7 hemagglutinin (HA) and protects against H7N9 infection. m826 binds to H7N9 HA with subnanomolar affinity at acidic pH and 10-fold lower affinity at neutral pH. The high-resolution (1.9 Å) crystal structure of m826 complexed with H7N9 HA indicates that m826 binds an epitope that may be fully exposed upon pH-induced conformational changes in HA. m826 fully protects mice against lethal challenge with H7N9 virus through mechanisms likely involving antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Interestingly, immunogenetic analysis indicates that m826 is a germline antibody, and m826-like sequences can be identified in H7N9-infected patients, healthy adults, and newborn babies. These m826 properties offer a template for H7N9 vaccine immunogens, a promising candidate therapeutic, and a tool for exploring mechanisms of virus infection inhibition by antibodies.

Keywords: ADCC; H7N9 influenza; germline; hemagglutinin; monoclonal antibody.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / administration & dosage
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / chemistry
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / immunology*
  • Dogs
  • Epitopes / immunology*
  • Female
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / genetics
  • Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / immunology*
  • Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype / chemistry
  • Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype / immunology*
  • Influenza Vaccines / immunology
  • Influenza, Human / immunology*
  • Influenza, Human / therapy
  • Influenza, Human / virology
  • Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology*
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / therapy
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal
  • Epitopes
  • Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus
  • Influenza Vaccines
  • hemagglutinin, avian influenza A virus