Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a 3D spinal deformity affecting children between the ages of 11 and 18, without an identifiable etiology. The authors here reviewed the available literature to provide spine surgeons with a summary and update on current management options. Smaller thoracic and thoracolumbar curves can be managed conservatively with observation or bracing, but corrective surgery may be indicated for rapidly growing or larger curves. The authors summarize the atypical features to look for in patients who may warrant further investigation with MRI during diagnosis and review the fundamental principles of the surgical management of AIS. Patients with AIS can be managed very well with a combination of conservative and surgical options. Outcomes for these children are excellent with sustained longer-term results.
Keywords: AIS = adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; AP = anteroposterior; AVR = apical vertebral rotation; AVT = apical vertebral translation; CSVL = center sacral vertical line; PA = posteroanterior; TLSO = thoracolumbosacral orthosis; VATS = video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; deformity; pediatric; spine.