Significant Liver-Related Morbidity After Bariatric Surgery and Its Reversal-a Case Series

Obes Surg. 2018 Mar;28(3):812-819. doi: 10.1007/s11695-017-2925-x.

Abstract

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs in up to 80% of patients with obesity. Current data suggest an improvement of NAFLD after established bariatric procedures.

Objectives: This study investigated liver function impairment after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB).

Setting: University Hospital, Bariatric Surgery Unit METHODS: In this single-center case series, consecutive in- and outpatients after bariatric surgery who presented with severe liver dysfunction from March 2014 to February 2017 were included and followed until March 2017.

Results: In total, 10 patients (m:f = 2:8; median age 48 years, range 22-66 years) were included. Liver dysfunction occurred after a median postoperative time of 15 months (range 2-88 months). Median %excess weight loss at that time was 110.6% (range 85.2-155.5%). Liver steatosis/fibrosis occurred in 70%, cirrhosis in 30% of patients, and led to fatigue (90%), ascites (70%), hepatic encephalopathy (30%), and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (20%). Elevation of transaminases, impairment of coagulation parameters, thrombocytopenia, and hypoalbuminemia were present in 70, 80, 70, and 100%, respectively. In eight patients, lengthening of the alimentary/common limb led to an improvement or complete remission of symptoms. In one patient, liver transplantation was required, one patient deceased due to septic shock and decompensated liver disease.

Conclusions: Severe liver dysfunction may also occur after bariatric procedures such as OAGB and RYGB. A comprehensive, meticulous follow-up for early identification of postoperative liver impairment should be aspired. Bypass length reduction led to a fast improvement in all patients.

Keywords: Bypass reversal; Liver dysfunction; NAFLD; Weight loss.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Body Mass Index
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Gastric Bypass / adverse effects*
  • Gastric Bypass / methods
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Liver Diseases / epidemiology*
  • Liver Diseases / etiology
  • Liver Diseases / surgery*
  • Liver Transplantation / statistics & numerical data
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Morbidity
  • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / complications
  • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / epidemiology
  • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / surgery
  • Obesity, Morbid / complications
  • Obesity, Morbid / epidemiology*
  • Obesity, Morbid / surgery*
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology*
  • Postoperative Period
  • Reoperation* / adverse effects
  • Reoperation* / methods
  • Reoperation* / statistics & numerical data
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Weight Loss
  • Young Adult