Interaction of phenolic acids and their derivatives with human serum albumin: Structure-affinity relationships and effects on antioxidant activity

Abstract

In this study, 111 phenolic acids and their derivatives were chosen to investigate their structure-affinity relationships when binding to human serum albumin (HSA), and effects on their antioxidant activity. A comprehensive mathematical model was employed to calculate the binding constants, using a fluorescence quenching method, and this was corrected for the inner-filter effect to improve accuracy. We found that a hydroxy group at the 2-position of the benzene ring exerted a positive effect on the affinities, while a 4-hydroxy substituent had a negative influence. Both methylation of the hydroxy groups and replacing the hydroxy groups with methyl groups at the 3- and 4-positions of the benzene ring enhanced the binding affinities. Hydrophobic force and hydrogen bonding were binding forces for the phenolic acids, and their methyl esters, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the HSA-phenolic acid interaction compounds was higher than that of the phenolic acids alone.

Keywords: Antioxidant activity; Gallic acid (PubChem CID: 370); Gentisic acid (PubChem CID: 3469); Human serum albumin; Isovanillic acid (PubChem CID: 12575); Mathematical model; Phenolic acids; Protocatechuic acid (PubChem CID: 72); Salicylic acid (PubChem CID: 338); Structure–affinity relationships; Syringic acid (PubChem CID: 10742); Vanillic acid (PubChem CID: 8468).