Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnancy at three health centers in Burkina Faso

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnant women are more susceptible to vaginal colonization and infection by yeast. The role of Candida colonization in the occurrence of preterm birth is well established. The knowledge of local epidemiology and identification of risk factors for preterm birth is important for the prevention and management strategies. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of Candida sp. in vaginal swabs of pregnant women.

Methods: Pregnant women attending routine antenatal visits in three primary health centres in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) were enrolled into a cross-sectional study carried out from February to April 2015. Vaginal swabs samples were taken from participants after obtaining oral consent. The swabs were inoculated into Sabouraud's glucose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol and incubated at 37°C for 24 to 48hours under aerobic conditions in order to perform fungal culture. The identification of the Candida species was done by culture on HiCrome Candida Differential Agar at 35°C for 48h for production of species-specific colors.

Results: A total of 229 pregnant women were included. The prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) was 22.71%, (95% CI [17.45-28.69]). Candida albicans accounted for 40.39% and non-Candida albicans species for 59.61% of the isolates, with mainly C. glabrata (32.69%), C. tropicalis (15.38%) and C. krusei (11.54%).

Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of non-C. albicans species. The syndromic management guidelines for VVC in Burkina Faso will be revised to include a specific protocol for pregnant women.

Keywords: Burkina Faso; Epidemiology; Pregnancy; Vulvovaginal candidiasis.