Aim of the study: To investigate the mutation frequency of SPG11, SPG15, SPG5 and SPG7 in China.
Materials and methods: We have scanned the whole exons of KIAA1840, ZFYVE26, SPG7 and CYP7B1 genes in a group of 36 unrelated Chinese ARHSP families.
Results: SPG11 mutations were found in 33.33% (12/36) of ARHSP patients in our study, and no mutation was identified in SPG15, SPG5 or SPG7 genes. Among the SPG11 mutations detected, c.1755_1758delAGCA/p. P585PfsX623, c.29832984delTA/p.L934LfsX1010, c.1845_1848delGTCT/p.F617Lfs*5, c.6478+1G>T and c.3662_3665delTCAA/p.I1221RfsX1230 were novel mutations, they all introduced premature termination codons which were predicted to leading to the absence of the spastacsin protein in the patients' cells. All the SPG11 patients in our study presented with spastic paraparesis and/or mental impairment at initial time, and most patients showed thin corpus callosum (TCC) and white matter abnormalities (WMA) in brain MRI. After years' duration, they gradually manifested with dysarthria, dysphagia, peripheral neuropathy, amyotrophy, skeletal deformity, cerebellar signs, ophthalmoplegia, decreased vision, sphincter disturbance and tremor.
Conclusions: SPG11 was suspected to be the most common subtype of ARHSP in China, whereas SPG15, SPG5 or SPG7 are rare. The core symptoms of Chinese SPG11 patients showed no difference when compared to SPG11 in western countries, and clinical heterogeneity also existed in our SPG11 patients. We suggested that ARHSP patients with mental impairment, especially combined with TCC, should be excluded SPG11 first in China.
Keywords: Autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia; Chinese; mutation analysis; thin corpus callosum.