Inhibitory effects of Dianthi Herba ethanolic extract on inflammatory and nociceptive responses in murine macrophages and mouse models of abdominal writhing and ear edema

J Ethnopharmacol. 2018 Jan 30:211:375-383. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.010. Epub 2017 Sep 14.

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Dianthi Herba is a traditional herbal medicine used to treat inflammatory-related diseases including acute pyelonephritis, cystitis, laryngopharyngitis, and urethritis.

Aim of the study: We investigated the effects of Dianthi Herba ethanolic extract (DH) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammatory responses in murine macrophages including RAW 264.7 cell line and mouse peritoneal macrophages as well as nociceptive and edema mouse models.

Materials and methods: The biological effects of DH on inflammatory cytokine, mediator, and related protein production were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). Additionally, Western blotting was performed to investigate intracellular signaling pathways, and the anti-nociceptive activity of three doses of DH (100, 200, and 300mg/kg) against acetic acid-induced writhing responses and its inhibitory effects on xylene-induced ear edema were researched in mice through oral administration.

Results: DH treatment significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) secretion and inflammatory cytokine production in RAW 264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages and induced heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression. DH strongly inhibited the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Meanwhile, DH exerted anti-nociceptive effects on writhing responses and anti-edema effects in mice.

Conclusion: We confirmed the anti-inflammatory activities and inhibitory mechanism of DH in macrophages and clarified its inhibitory effects in vivo. These findings illustrate the therapeutic potential of DH as a natural anti-inflammatory agent.

Keywords: Analgesic; Anti-edema; Anti-inflammatory; Dianthi Herba; Nuclear factor-kappa B.

MeSH terms

  • Acetic Acid
  • Analgesics / pharmacology
  • Analgesics / therapeutic use*
  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Cytokines / genetics
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Dianthus*
  • Edema / chemically induced
  • Edema / drug therapy
  • Heme Oxygenase-1 / metabolism
  • Macrophages, Peritoneal / drug effects
  • Macrophages, Peritoneal / metabolism
  • Male
  • Medicine, East Asian Traditional
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Inbred ICR
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
  • NF-kappa B / metabolism
  • Nitric Oxide / metabolism
  • Pain / chemically induced
  • Pain / drug therapy
  • Phytochemicals / analysis
  • Phytochemicals / pharmacology
  • Phytochemicals / therapeutic use
  • Plant Extracts / analysis
  • Plant Extracts / pharmacology
  • Plant Extracts / therapeutic use*
  • RAW 264.7 Cells
  • Xylenes

Substances

  • Analgesics
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Cytokines
  • NF-kappa B
  • Phytochemicals
  • Plant Extracts
  • Xylenes
  • Nitric Oxide
  • Heme Oxygenase-1
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
  • Acetic Acid