The effect of viroid infection of citrus trees on the amoebicidal activity of 'Maltese half-blood' (Citrus sinensis) against trophozoite stage of Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff

Exp Parasitol. 2017 Dec:183:182-186. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.09.006. Epub 2017 Sep 12.

Abstract

In order to promote a local Tunisian product, this study was designed to examine, for the first time, the anti-Acanthamoeba activity (Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff) of the essential oils of Tunisian Citrus sinensis peels (Maltese half-blood) and the effect of viroid plant infection on this activity. To do so, three samples of peels' essential oils were studied: from a healthy plant (Control), a plant inoculated with Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and one inoculated with hot stunt cachexia viroid (HSVd). The samples were extracted by hydrodistillation from dried peels and characterized by GC-MS. Limonene was the major component with a percentage ranging from 90.76 to 93.34% for (CEVd) sample and (Control), respectively. Anti-Acanthamoeba activity of the tested oils was determined by the Alamar Blue® assay. Primary results showed a strong potential anti-Acanthamoeba activity with an IC50 ranging from 36.6 to 54.58 μg/ml for (HSVd) and (CEVd) samples, respectively. In terms of the effect of viroid infection, a strong positive correlation was observed between different chemical classes and anti-Acanthamoeba activity.

Keywords: Acanthamoeba; Citrus sinensis; Essential oil; Maltease; Viroids.

MeSH terms

  • Acanthamoeba castellanii / drug effects*
  • Acanthamoeba castellanii / growth & development
  • Amebicides / chemistry
  • Amebicides / isolation & purification
  • Amebicides / pharmacology*
  • Citrus sinensis / chemistry*
  • Citrus sinensis / virology
  • Fruit / chemistry
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  • Inhibitory Concentration 50
  • Monoterpenes / chemistry
  • Monoterpenes / isolation & purification
  • Monoterpenes / pharmacology
  • Plant Oils / chemistry
  • Plant Oils / isolation & purification
  • Plant Oils / pharmacology*
  • Regression Analysis
  • Sesquiterpenes / chemistry
  • Sesquiterpenes / isolation & purification
  • Sesquiterpenes / pharmacology
  • Trophozoites / drug effects
  • Viroids / physiology*

Substances

  • Amebicides
  • Monoterpenes
  • Plant Oils
  • Sesquiterpenes
  • orange oil