A universal method for the identification of genes encoding amatoxins and phallotoxins in poisonous mushrooms

Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2017;68(3):247-251.

Abstract

Background: As the currently known diagnostic DNA targets amplified in the PCR assays for detection of poisonous mushrooms have their counterparts in edible species, there is a need to design PCR primers specific to the genes encoding amanitins and phallotoxins, which occur only in poisonous mushrooms.

Objective: The aim of the study was testing of PCR-based method for detection of all genes encoding hepatotoxic cyclic peptides - amanitins and phallotoxins present in the most dangerous poisonous mushrooms.

Material and methods: Degenerate primers in the PCR were designed on the basis of amanitins (n=13) and phallotoxins (n=5) genes in 18 species of poisonous mushrooms deposited to Genbank of the National Center for Biotechnology Information.

Results: The specificity of the PCR assays was confirmed against 9 species of edible mushrooms, death cap - Amanita phalloides and panther cap - Amanita pantherina.

Conclusions: Designed two couples of PCR-primers specific to amanitins and phallotoxins genes can be recommended for detection of Amanita phalloides and other mushroom species producing hepatotoxic cyclic peptides - amanitins and phallotoxins.

Keywords: poisonous mushrooms; amanitins; phallotoxins; PCR; Amanita phalloides.

MeSH terms

  • Amanita / chemistry*
  • Amanitins / chemistry*
  • Amanitins / toxicity
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Humans
  • Mushroom Poisoning*

Substances

  • Amanitins
  • phallotoxin
  • amatoxin