Objective: The aim of the study is to compare the value of a single with three sputum smear examinations in the detection of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis.
Results: There were a total of 7012 patients studied out of which 3599 (51.3%) were males and the rest females. In 637 (9.1%) of the patients, two or more smears were positive for AFB. 616 (96.7%) of the sputum smear positive patients had positive smears on the first spot sputum exams as compared to 635 (99.7%) who were positive on the morning sputum, (P = 0.000064). 598/637 (93.9%) of sputum smear positive patients had positive smears in all three smears regardless of the smear grading. A single morning smear examination is as sensitive as doing three sputum smear examinations in the diagnosis of sputum smear positive TB. The incidence of sputum smear positivity differed significantly across age groups, but did not differ between genders.
Keywords: Ethiopia; Pulmonary tuberculosis; Sputum smear.