Maximal strength and endurance scores of the tongue, lip, and cheek in healthy, normal Koreans

Dong-Min Jeong; Yoo-Jin Shin; Na-Ra Lee; Ho-Kyung Lim; Han-Wool Choung; Kang-Mi Pang; Bong-Ju Kim; Soung-Min Kim; Jong-Ho Lee

doi:10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.4.221

Maximal strength and endurance scores of the tongue, lip, and cheek in healthy, normal Koreans

J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017 Aug;43(4):221-228. doi: 10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.4.221. Epub 2017 Aug 24.

Authors

Dong-Min Jeong¹, Yoo-Jin Shin¹, Na-Ra Lee², Ho-Kyung Lim³, Han-Wool Choung¹, Kang-Mi Pang^{1

2}, Bong-Ju Kim^{2

4}, Soung-Min Kim^{1

4}, Jong-Ho Lee^{1

2

4}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
² Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
³ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
⁴ Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish normative data for healthy Korean adults by measuring the maximal strength and endurance scores of the tongue, lip, and cheek, and to examine correlations between these measurements.

Materials and methods: This study included 120 subjects that were divided into three groups according to age: young (20-39 years), middle-aged (40-59 years), and older (over 60 years); and by gender. Measurements were taken using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI).

Results: The mean maximal tongue strengths were as follows: young men (46.7±10.2 kPa) and women (32.1±7.9 kPa), middle-aged men (40.9±9.3 kPa) and women (36.9±8.6 kPa), and older men (35.2±9.0 kPa) and women (34.5±6.9 kPa). The mean tongue endurance scores were: young men (28.8±12.6 seconds) and women (20.8±13.5 seconds), middle-aged men (17.0±8.5 seconds) and women (15.3±5.2 seconds), and older men (15.8±6.7 seconds) and women (17.9±8.1 seconds). The mean maximal lip strengths were: young men (11.6±3.0 kPa) and women (11.4±3.8 kPa), middle-aged men (11.4±4.2 kPa) and women (11.1±5.1 kPa), and older men (14.5±3.9 kPa) and women (11.7±2.6 kPa). The mean lip endurance scores were: young men (41.1±23.9 seconds) and women (22.4±21.7 seconds), middle-aged men (24.3±10.3 seconds) and women (30.5±13.4 seconds), and older men (24.9±11.0 seconds) and women (12.8±7.6 seconds). The mean maximal cheek strengths were: young men (24.5±4.6 kPa) and women (20.5±4.3 kPa), middle-aged men (25.2±6.4 kPa) and women (21.2±5.5 kPa), and older men (22.4±5.3 kPa) and women (18.0±4.8 kPa). The mean cheek endurance scores were: young men (47.8±24.4 seconds) and women (43.9±25.0 seconds), middle-aged men (27.3±11.3 seconds) and women (20.0±14.6 seconds), and older men (21.7±14.5 seconds) and women (17.2±11.4 seconds).

Conclusion: The data collected in this study will provide an important database of standardized measurements for maximal strength and endurance scores of the tongue, lip and cheek in healthy, normal Koreans.

Keywords: Cheek; Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI); Korean; Lip; Tongue.