Elaboration on the Distribution of Hydrophobic Segments in the Chains of Amphiphilic Cationic Polymers for Small Interfering RNA Delivery

Abstract

Hydrophobization of cationic polymers, as an efficient strategy, had been widely developed in the structure of cationic polymer micelles to improve the delivery efficiency of nucleic acids. However, the distribution of hydrophobic segments in the polymer chains is rarely considered. Here, we have elaborated three types of hydrophobized polyethylene glycol (PEG)-blocked cationic polymers with different distributions of the hydrophobic segments in the polymer chains PEG-PAM-PDP (E-A-D), PEG-PDP-PAM (E-D-A), and PEG-P(AM/DP) (E-(A/D)), which were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of methoxy PEG, cationic monomer aminoethyl methacrylate, and pH-sensitive hydrophobic monomer 2-diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate, respectively. In aqueous solution, all of the three copolymers, E-A-D, E-D-A, and E-(A/D), were able to spontaneously form nanosized micelles (100-150 nm) (M_E-A-D, M_E-D-A, and M_E-(A/D)) and well-incorporated small interfering RNA (siRNA) into complex micelles (CMs). The effect of distributions of the hydrophobic segments on siRNA delivery had been evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Compared with M_E-D-A and M_E-(A/D), M_E-A-D showed the best siRNA binding capacity to form stable M_E-A-D/siRNA CMs less than 100 nm, mediated the best gene-silencing efficiency and inhibition effect of tumor cell growth in vitro, and showed better liver gene-silencing effect in vivo. In the case of M_E-(A/D) with a random distribution of cationic and hydrophobic segments, a gene-silencing efficiency higher than Lipo2000 but lesser than M_E-A-D and M_E-D-A was obtained. As the mole ratio of positive and negative charges increased, M_E-D-A/siRNA and M_E-A-D/siRNA showed similar performances in size, zeta potential, cell uptake, and gene silencing, but M_E-(A/D)/siRNA showed reversed performances. In addition, M_E-A-D as the best siRNA carrier was evaluated in the tumor tissue in the xenograft murine model and showed good anticancer capacity. Obviously, the distribution of the hydrophobic segments in the amphiphilic cationic polymer chains should be seriously considered in the design of siRNA vectors.

Keywords: amphiphilic cationic polymers; delivery efficiency; distribution of the hydrophobic segments; gene silence; siRNA delivery.