The neophallus creation is still a mystery and it remains challenging even today. In this article, we performed a comprehensive review of the literature regarding phalloplasty and penile reconstructive surgery between January 2008 and May 2016. In this review, we have included 15 research articles and the results of 276 patients were examined. Studies revealed several indications and when indications were reviewed, 191 patients were female-to-male transgender, 9 patients had disorder of sex development/micropenis, 16 had penile amputation/trauma, 9 had ambiguus genitalia, 40 had exstrophy and/or epispadias, 11 had other problems. As a result of this review, phalloplasty is a reliable and useful operation with good functional and aesthetical results.
Keywords: Gender reassignment surgery; penile reconstructive surgery; phalloplasty; surgical flaps.