Acrylamide-forming potential of cereals, legumes and roots and tubers analyzed by UPLC-UV

Abstract

For directing scientists, consumers, industry and stakeholders on mitigation strategies, there is a need to understand the acrylamide-forming potential of important Indian foods. Flour obtained from total 16 varieties of 9 Indian cereals, legumes and roots and tubers was heated at 160 °C for 20 min, acrylamide was extracted and quantified by UPLC-UV. Acrylamide level was above the European Commission indicative value in potato- and cereal-based food products, it ranged from 3436.13 to 5562.56 μg/kg in roots and tubers (potato and sweet potato). Among the cereals, maize (2195.31 μg/kg) and wheat (161.12 μg/kg) had the highest and lowest contents, respectively, whereas rice, sorghum and pearl millet showed intermediate values. Among the 2 legumes, soybean contained higher acrylamide (337.08-717.52 μg/kg) than chickpea (377.83-480.49 μg/kg). Analysis of variance revealed that roots and tubers acrylamide was highly significantly greater than the content in cereals (p < 0.0001) and in legumes (p < 0.0001) while there was no significant difference between cereals and legumes (p = 0.443). These results support the combination of pulses and minor cereals (chickpea, soybean, millets and sorghum) in cereal-based foods for improving the nutritional value and reducing acrylamide formation.

Keywords: Acrylamide formation; Food safety; Heating; India; UPLC-UV.