Objective: To study the value of 3D visualization technique in breast-preserving surgery for breast cancer with immediate breast reconstruction using laparoscopically harvested pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap.
Methods: From January, 2015 to May, 2016, 30 patients with breast cancer underwent breast-preserving surgery with immediate breast reconstruction using pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap. The CT data of the arterial phase and venous phase were collected preoperatively and imported into the self-developed medical image 3D visualization system for image segmentation and 3D reconstruction. The 3D models were imported into the simulation surgery platform for virtual surgery to prepare for subsequent surgeries. The cosmetic outcomes of the patients were evaluated 6 months after the surgery. Another 18 patients with breast cancer who underwent laparoscopic latissimus dorsi muscle breast reconstruction without using 3D visualization technique from January to December, 2014 served as the control group. The data of the operative time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative appearance of the breasts were analyzed.
Results: The reconstructed 3D model clearly displayed the anatomical structures of the breast, armpit, latissimus dorsi muscle and vessels and their anatomical relationship in all the 30 cases. Immediate breast reconstruction was performed successfully in all the cases with median operation time of 226 min (range, 210 to 420 min), a median blood loss of 95 mL (range, 73 to 132 mL). Evaluation of the appearance of the breast showed excellent results in 22 cases, good appearance in 6 cases and acceptable appearance in 2 cases. In the control group, the median operation time was 283 min (range, 256 to 313 min) and the median blood loss was 107 mL (range, 79 to 147 mL) with excellent appearance of the breasts in 10 cases, good appearance in 4 cases and acceptable appearance in 4 cases.
Conclusion: 3D reconstruction technique can clearly display the morphology of the latissimus dorsi and the thoracic dorsal artery, allows calculation of the volume of the breast and the latissimus dorsi, and helps in defining the scope of resection of the latissimus dorsi to avoid injuries of the pedicled vessels. This technique also helps to shorten the operation time, reduce intraoperative bleeding, and improve the appearance of the reconstructed breast using pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap.
目的: 探讨三维可视技术在腔镜乳腺癌保乳并一期转移背阔肌瓣乳房重建中的指导价值。
方法: 2015年1月~2016年5月期间, 我院临床30例志愿要求行背阔肌瓣转移重建乳房的患者纳入实验组, 术前采集256排螺旋CT动脉期、静脉期的DICOM数据, 导入自主研发的医学图像三维可视化系统对患者CTA图像中的乳房、乳腺肿瘤、背阔肌及胸背动脉等进行分割及三维重建, 再导入三维可视化手术平台中进行手术研究, 指导临床腔镜乳腺癌保乳并一期转移背阔肌瓣乳房重建手术方案的制定和实施。术后6个月随访患者, 进行美学评价。对照2014年1月~2014年12月期间18例在我院行腔镜背阔肌瓣乳房重建患者（术前未应用三维可视技术）的手术时间、术中出血量、术后6月乳房的美学评价等数据。
结果: 实验组30例患者, 三维可视技术能准确反映其乳房及肿瘤、背阔肌及胸背血管等解剖结构及其三维毗邻关系。30例患者手术顺利, 中位手术时间为226 min（205~253 min）, 术中中位出血量为95 mL（73~132 mL）。乳房美学评价, 22例优, 6例良, 2例一般。对照组18例患者, 中位手术时间为283 min（256~313 min）, 中位出血量为107 mL（79~147 mL）。乳房美学评价, 10例优, 4例良, 4例一般。
结论: 三维可视技术能很好的显示背阔肌形态及胸背动脉走行, 可计算乳房体积及背阔肌体积, 指导背阔肌切取范围, 避免误伤背阔肌瓣蒂部血管, 缩短手术时间, 减少术中出血, 术后乳房重建效果良好。