Understanding the Role and Mechanism of Carbonic Anhydrase V in Obesity and its Therapeutic Implications

Abstract

Obesity is a metabolic syndrome leading to several health problems such as hypertension, heart attack, type II diabetes, and even cancer. Carbonic anhydrase VA (CAVA) is a mitochondrial enzyme which is directly associated with the glucose homeostasis and considered as a promising target for obesity and other associated diseases in humans. So far, numerous inhibitors have been designed to inhibit the catalytic activity of CAVA with an assumption for its possible therapeutic uses against type II diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Among these, sulphonamide inhibitors and various non-classical inhibitors are extensively used. The focus of this review is to understand the mechanism and role CAVA in glucose homeostasis to ascertain as a potential drug target of obesity. We have further highlighted different types of inhibitors and their mode of binding and possible consequences with an aim to investigate possible therapeutic used for the treatment of obesity and associated diseases. Along with classical inhibitors, various non-classical inhibitors have proved to be potential inhibitors of CAV which may be employed to combat obesity. Certain phytochemicals are utilized as therapeutic molecules to fight obesity. These phytochemicals have been discussed in detail here.

Keywords: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors; drug design and discovery; metabolic syndrome; obesity; sulphonamide inhibitors..