Cathodic Polarization Coats Titanium Based Implant Materials with Enamel Matrix Derivate (EMD)

Matthias J Frank; Martin S Walter; Marina Rubert; Bernd Thiede; Marta Monjo; Janne E Reseland; Håvard J Haugen; Ståle Petter Lyngstadaas

doi:10.3390/ma7032210

Cathodic Polarization Coats Titanium Based Implant Materials with Enamel Matrix Derivate (EMD)

Materials (Basel). 2014 Mar 14;7(3):2210-2228. doi: 10.3390/ma7032210.

Authors

Matthias J Frank^{1

2}, Martin S Walter^{3

4}, Marina Rubert⁵, Bernd Thiede⁶, Marta Monjo^{7

5}, Janne E Reseland⁸, Håvard J Haugen⁹, Ståle Petter Lyngstadaas¹⁰

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109 Blindern, Oslo NO-0317, Norway. m.j.frank@odont.uio.no.
² Institute of Medical and Polymer Engineering, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstrasse 15, Garching 85748, Germany. m.j.frank@odont.uio.no.
³ Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109 Blindern, Oslo NO-0317, Norway. m.s.walter@odont.uio.no.
⁴ Institute of Medical and Polymer Engineering, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstrasse 15, Garching 85748, Germany. m.s.walter@odont.uio.no.
⁵ Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca ES-07122, Spain. marinarubert@gmail.com.
⁶ The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1125 Blindern, Oslo NO-0317, Norway. bernd.thiede@biotek.uio.no.
⁷ Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109 Blindern, Oslo NO-0317, Norway. marinarubert@gmail.com.
⁸ Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109 Blindern, Oslo NO-0317, Norway. j.e.reseland@odont.uio.no.
⁹ Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109 Blindern, Oslo NO-0317, Norway. h.j.haugen@odont.uio.no.
¹⁰ Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109 Blindern, Oslo NO-0317, Norway. s.p.lyngstadaas@odont.uio.no.

Abstract

The idea of a bioactive surface coating that enhances bone healing and bone growth is a strong focus of on-going research for bone implant materials. Enamel matrix derivate (EMD) is well documented to support bone regeneration and activates growth of mesenchymal tissues. Thus, it is a prime candidate for coating of existing implant surfaces. The aim of this study was to show that cathodic polarization can be used for coating commercially available implant surfaces with an immobilized but functional and bio-available surface layer of EMD. After coating, XPS revealed EMD-related bindings on the surface while SIMS showed incorporation of EMD into the surface. The hydride layer of the original surface could be activated for coating in an integrated one-step process that did not require any pre-treatment of the surface. SEM images showed nano-spheres and nano-rods on coated surfaces that were EMD-related. Moreover, the surface roughness remained unchanged after coating, as it was shown by optical profilometry. The mass peaks observed in the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis confirmed the integrity of EMD after coating. Assessment of the bioavailability suggested that the modified surfaces were active for osteoblast like MC3M3-E1 cells in showing enhanced Coll-1 gene expression and ALP activity.

Keywords: EMD; bioactive coating; coating technique; enamel matrix derivate; surface modification; titanium; titanium-zirconium.