Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Despite recent advances, the estimated 5-year overall survival is only around 17%. There is an urgent need for development of new effective drug strategies for the treatment of advanced-stage lung cancer. Areas covered: This review focuses on ongoing research in immune and non-immune oncology combinations for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we will focus on the combination of PD-L1 inhibitors (immunotherapy) with chemotherapy, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, targeted therapies, and radiation. Expert commentary: Immunotherapy is a major advancement in the treatment of NSCLC due to its durable responses and overall favorable toxicity profile. However, these responses are seen in only a subset of patients. Mechanisms of resistance to this therapy continue to emerge. Studies on combination therapies are underway as the therapeutic mechanisms of these established agents are not only distinctly different but also synergistic with immunotherapy. Overall, some benefits have been noted, although associated toxicities have also been shown, and the long-term benefits including overall survival have yet to be determined.
Keywords: Combination; immunotherapy; non-immune oncology agents; non-small cell lung cancer.