Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and diabetes-related factors in Korean adults without diabetes: The Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012

Prim Care Diabetes. 2018 Feb;12(1):59-65. doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2017.07.002. Epub 2017 Aug 1.

Abstract

Aims: Vitamin D is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) occurrence by affecting insulin secretion and resistance. However, variations exist due to differences in vitamin D sensitivity among individuals. We investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status and various indices of DM in a Korean population without DM.

Methods: Large-scaled population-based analysis was conducted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2010-2012) were analyzed. Adult survey participants >20years without diabetes (n=15,169) were included.

Results: The mean 25(OH)D levels were lower in females, subjects aged 20-39 years, and subjects with body mass index <21.1kg/m2 and less physical activity (p<0.001). Further, the mean 25(OH)D levels tended to be lower in subjects with FBG >126mg/dL. After adjustment for potential confounders, 25(OH)D was not correlated with FBG (p=0.925) or HbA1c (p=0.336); however, fasting insulin (β=-0.072, p=0.011) and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (β=-0.007, p<0.001) showed significant negative correlations with 25(OH)D levels.

Conclusion: Although 25(OH)D status was not significantly associated with FBG or HbA1c, low 25(OH)D levels were associated with compensative insulin increase and ongoing increase in insulin resistance. Thus, vitamin D deficiency is assumed to influence DM occurrence.

Keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; Diabetes mellitus; Insulin resistance; Vitamin D deficiency.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism*
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Diabetes Mellitus / blood*
  • Diabetes Mellitus / diagnosis
  • Diabetes Mellitus / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Glycated Hemoglobin / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Insulin / blood*
  • Insulin Resistance*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nutrition Surveys
  • Republic of Korea / epidemiology
  • Risk Factors
  • Vitamin D / analogs & derivatives*
  • Vitamin D / blood
  • Vitamin D Deficiency / blood*
  • Vitamin D Deficiency / diagnosis
  • Vitamin D Deficiency / epidemiology
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Blood Glucose
  • Glycated Hemoglobin A
  • Insulin
  • hemoglobin A1c protein, human
  • Vitamin D
  • 25-hydroxyvitamin D