Abstract
In bacteria and archaea, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and associated proteins (Cas) confer adaptive immunity against exogenous DNA elements. This CRISPR-Cas system has been turned into an effective tool for editing of eukaryotic DNA genomes. Pathogenic viruses that have a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome or that replicate through a dsDNA intermediate can also be targeted with this DNA editing tool. Here, we review how CRISPR-Cas was used in novel therapeutic approaches against the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), focusing on approaches that aim to permanently inactivate all virus genomes or to prevent viral persistence in latent reservoirs.
Keywords:
CRISPR-Cas; Combination therapy; HIV-1; Latency; NHEJ; Virus escape; dCas9.
Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Bacterial Proteins / genetics
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Bacterial Proteins / metabolism
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CRISPR-Associated Protein 9
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CRISPR-Cas Systems*
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Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
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DNA Cleavage
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DNA, Viral / genetics*
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DNA, Viral / metabolism
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Endonucleases / genetics
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Endonucleases / metabolism
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HIV Infections / therapy*
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HIV Infections / virology
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HIV Long Terminal Repeat
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HIV-1 / genetics*
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HIV-1 / growth & development
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HIV-1 / metabolism
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Humans
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Molecular Targeted Therapy / methods
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RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems / genetics*
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RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems / metabolism
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / pharmacology
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Virus Latency / drug effects
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Virus Replication / drug effects
Substances
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Bacterial Proteins
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DNA, Viral
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RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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CRISPR-Associated Protein 9
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Cas9 endonuclease Streptococcus pyogenes
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Endonucleases