Motivators for and barriers to physical activity in people with knee osteoarthritis: A qualitative study

Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to explore the motivators for and barriers to regular physical activity in people with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional, monocentric qualitative study based on 20 semi-structured individual interviews and two focus groups. People with knee osteoarthritis according to American College of Rheumatology criteria were recruited from spa therapy resorts (Royat, France). Data were collected by interviews, which were then transcribed and coded. The analysis was performed according to the researcher triangulation method.

Results: Among the 27 participants (17 women), the mean age was 67years (SD 7.8) and mean body mass index 29.2kg/m² (SD 8.2). The motivators for physical activity were physical (well-being, decreased pain, self-perception), personal (lifestyle, psychological well-being), societal (relationships, others' views), and environmental (living). The motivators differed by gender, with the concept of performance predominant for men and others' views for women. The barriers were psychological (fear of pain, lack of motivation) and physical (knee pain, asthenia) and were also potentially related to life events (depression, hospitalization).

Conclusions: The study population had an overall positive idea of the value of physical activity for knee osteoarthritis. The participants expressed beliefs and knowledge generally in line with current recommendations. Compliance with these recommendations remains moderate. An educational support for progressive adapted physical activity and identification of barriers and motivators could help improve adherence.

Keywords: Exercise; Knee osteoarthritis; Motivators and barriers; Physical activity; Qualitative study.