Abstract
We report a case of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) encephalitis in a neutropenic patient who had undergone chemotherapy induction for acute myelogenous leukemia while on broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy. The patient displayed symptoms of confusion, amnesia, and lethargy. Diagnosis was made via polymerase chain reaction analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain were unremarkable. Following diagnosis, the patient was successfully treated with ganciclovir. HHV-6 encephalitis should be considered in immunocompromised patients who become encephalopathic.
Keywords:
acute myelogenous leukemia; encephalitis; human herpesvirus-6; immunocompromised.
© 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
MeSH terms
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Aged
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Anti-Infective Agents / therapeutic use
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Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / adverse effects*
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Biopsy
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Bone Marrow / pathology
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Brain / diagnostic imaging
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Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia / blood
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Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia / microbiology
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Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia / therapy
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Colorectal Neoplasms / blood
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Colorectal Neoplasms / therapy
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Electroencephalography
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Encephalitis, Viral / cerebrospinal fluid
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Encephalitis, Viral / diagnosis*
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Encephalitis, Viral / drug therapy
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Encephalitis, Viral / virology
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Herpesvirus 6, Human / isolation & purification
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Humans
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Immunocompromised Host
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Induction Chemotherapy / adverse effects*
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Induction Chemotherapy / methods
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Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / blood
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Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / diagnosis
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Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / drug therapy*
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Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / pathology
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Male
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Pancytopenia / blood
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Pancytopenia / diagnosis
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Roseolovirus Infections / cerebrospinal fluid
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Roseolovirus Infections / diagnosis*
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Roseolovirus Infections / drug therapy
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Roseolovirus Infections / virology
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Tomography, X-Ray Computed