Ghrelin levels could be involved in the improvement of insulin resistance after bariatric surgery

Abstract

Background and objective: Ghrelin is a gastrointestinal peptide involved in regulation of body weight and energy balance. However, its behavior after bariatric surgery and its relationship to insulin resistance are still controversial. A simultaneous assessment was made of the association between changes in ghrelin levels and different variables after three types of bariatric surgery.

Patients and methods: Ghrelin levels were measured in 103 morbidly obese subjects before and 6 months after bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), biliopancreatic diversion of Scopinaro (BPD), and sleeve gastrectomy (SG)), and in 21 non-obese subjects.

Results: Ghrelin levels increased after RYGB (p<0.05), were unchanged after BPD, and decreased after SG (p<0.05). The percent change in ghrelin levels (Δ-ghrelin) was associated to the type of surgery in a multiple linear regression model (p=0.017). When the same analysis was only performed in subjects in whom the gastric fundus was maintained (RYGB and BPD), Δ-ghrelin was negatively associated to Δ-HOMA-IR (p=0.001). In morbidly obese subjects who underwent RYGB and BPD, the odds ratio of a lower Δ-HOMA-IR in patients with Δ-ghrelin in the Q1 quartile versus those with Δ-ghrelin in the Q4 quartile was 8.74 (1.73-44.06) (p=0.009).

Conclusions: Changes in ghrelin levels after bariatric surgery are associated to the presence or absence of the gastric fundus. After bariatric surgery, the decrease in insulin resistance was associated to increased ghrelin levels in procedures in which the fundus is not excluded.

Keywords: Baipás gástrico en Y de Roux; Bariatric surgery; Biliopancreatic diversion of Scopinaro; Cirugía bariátrica; Derivación biliopancreática de Scopinaro; Gastrectomía tubular; Ghrelin; Ghrelina; Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; Sleeve gastrectomy.