Excess of Radiation Burden for Young Testicular Cancer Patients using Automatic Exposure Control and Contrast Agent on Whole-body Computed Tomography Imaging

Hannele Niiniviita; Jarmo Kulmala; Tuukka Pölönen; Heli Määttänen; Hannu Järvinen; Eeva Salminen

doi:10.1515/raon-2017-0012

Excess of Radiation Burden for Young Testicular Cancer Patients using Automatic Exposure Control and Contrast Agent on Whole-body Computed Tomography Imaging

Radiol Oncol. 2017 Feb 26;51(2):235-240. doi: 10.1515/raon-2017-0012. eCollection 2017 Jun.

Authors

Hannele Niiniviita^{1

2}, Jarmo Kulmala^{1

3}, Tuukka Pölönen⁴, Heli Määttänen¹, Hannu Järvinen⁵, Eeva Salminen^{3

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
² Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
³ Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
⁴ Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
⁵ STUK-Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland.

Abstract

Background: The aim of the study was to assess patient dose from whole-body computed tomography (CT) in association with patient size, automatic exposure control (AEC) and intravenous (IV) contrast agent.

Patients and methods: Sixty-five testicular cancer patients (mean age 28 years) underwent altogether 279 whole-body CT scans from April 2000 to April 2011. The mean number of repeated examinations was 4.3. The GE LightSpeed 16 equipped with AEC and the Siemens Plus 4 CT scanners were used for imaging. Whole-body scans were performed with (216) and without (63) IV contrast. The ImPACT software was used to determine the effective and organ doses.

Results: Patient doses were independent (p < 0.41) of patient size when the Plus 4 device (mean 7.4 mSv, SD 1.7 mSv) was used, but with the LightSpeed 16 AEC device, the dose (mean 14 mSv, SD 4.6 mSv) increased significantly (p < 0.001) with waist cirfumference. Imaging with the IV contrast agent caused significantly higher (13% Plus 4, 35% LightSpeed 16) exposure than non-contrast imaging (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Great caution on the use of IV contrast agent and careful set-up of the AEC modulation parameters is recommended to avoid excessive radiation exposure on the whole-body CT imaging of young patients.

Keywords: automatic exposure control; computed tomography; contrast agent; radiation exposure; waist circumference.