Clinical Significance and Phenotype of MTA1 Expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Background/aim: Metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) is considered a potential prognostic factor in esophageal cancer. We investigated the clinical relationship between MTA1, LAT1, and tumor metabolism, as evaluated by positron emission tomography (PET) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Materials and methods: We analyzed 142 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients who underwent curative resection without preoperative treatment. MTA1 expression was assessed by immuno-zahistochemistry, and tested against standardized uptake values from preoperative PET-CT. The association among MTA1, LAT1, and ¹⁸FAMT PET results were analyzed.

Results: MTA1 staining was observed in 82 of 142 cancer tissues. Five-year overall survival was 69.9 % in the absence of MTA1, but 50.7% otherwise (p=0.021), while disease-free survival was 66.5% and 49.0% (p=0.071), respectively. Abnormal ¹⁸FAMT accumulation was noted in 13 patients without MTA1 and in 18 patients with MTA1 (p=0.079), with maximum standardized uptake value 1.6±1.6 and 2.7±1.6, respectively (p=0.036). MTA1 expression was positively correlated with LAT1 (p=0.013) and CD34 (p=0.034) expression, but not with Ki-67 (p=0.078).

Conclusion: MTA1 shows promise as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in esophageal cancer, and we anticipate that the gene will also prove to be a good therapeutic target.

Keywords: Esophageal cancer; FAMT-PET; MTA1; squamous cell carcinoma.