Real-time observation of perturbation of a Drosophila embryo's early cleavage cycles with microfluidics

Abstract

It is of great importance to understand biochemical system's behavior toward environmental perturbation during the development of living organisms. Here a microfluidic platform for Drosophila embryo's online development and observation is presented. The system is capable of developing the embryo's anterior and posterior halves controlled at different temperature environments, and it can be easily coupled with a confocal microscope for real-time image acquisition. The microfluidic chip is consisted of a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) substrate with a thickness of 4.0 mm and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cover designed with a typical 'Y' channel with a depth of 400 μm, width of 800 μm. Temperature gradients were created across the anterior half and posterior half of the embryo by utilizing two streams of laminar flow with different temperatures. It was found that thermal gradient would result in asynchronous development of the two halves of the embryos, and the developing difference was related to the direction of thermal gradient. This may result from the presence of an unknown mechanism located in the anterior half of the embryo, which oversees nuclear division synchronicity. These observations would help better understand compensatory mechanisms of Drosophila embryo's development under environmental perturbations.

Keywords: Asynchronous development; Drosophilia embryo; Larminar flow; Microfluidics; Temperature gradients.