Hyperglycemia in critical patients: Determinants of insulin dose choice

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2017 May;63(5):441-446. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.63.05.441.

Abstract

Objective:: To identify factors that can determine the choice of intermittent subcutaneous regular insulin dose in critically ill patients with hyperglycemia.

Method:: Cross-sectional study in a general adult ICU with 26 beds, data collected between September and October 2014. The variables analyzed were: sex, age, previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, use of corticosteroids, use of lactulose, sepsis, fasting, enteral nutrition, use of dextrose 5% in water, NPH insulin prescription and blood glucose level. Patients with one or more episodes of hyperglycemia (blood glucose greater than 180 mg/dL) were included as a convenience sample, not consecutively. Those with continuous insulin prescription were excluded from analysis.

Results:: We included 64 records of hyperglycemia observed in 22 patients who had at least one episode of hyperglycemia. The median administered subcutaneous regular human insulin was 6 IU and among the factors evaluated only blood glucose levels were associated with the choice of insulin dose administered.

Conclusion:: Clinical characteristics such as diet, medications and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus are clearly ignored in the decision-making regarding insulin dose to be administered for glucose control in critically ill patients with hyperglycemia.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Blood Glucose / analysis
  • Blood Glucose / drug effects
  • Clinical Decision-Making
  • Critical Illness / therapy*
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Diabetes Mellitus / drug therapy
  • Diabetes Mellitus / prevention & control
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hyperglycemia / drug therapy*
  • Hyperglycemia / prevention & control*
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / administration & dosage*
  • Injections, Subcutaneous
  • Insulin / administration & dosage*
  • Intensive Care Units
  • Male
  • Reference Values
  • Regression Analysis
  • Risk Factors

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Insulin