Background: Eating habits formed during childhood may contribute to the increasing prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders. Assessing nutritional risk in young children may help to prevent later cardiometabolic disease. The objective of this study was to determine whether parent-reported nutritional risk in preschool-aged children was associated with laboratory indices of cardiometabolic risk, namely leptin and insulin.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the relationship between nutritional risk as determined by the parent-completed NutriSTEP® questionnaire was assessed and compared to the serum leptin and insulin concentrations, hormones involved in regulation of food intake and biomarkers of adiposity and cardiometabolic risk. The community-based primary care research network for children in Toronto, Canada (TARGet Kids!) was used. The participants were children aged 3-5 years recruited from TARGet Kids! A total of 1856 children were recruited from seven primary care practices. Of these, 1086 children completed laboratory testing. Laboratory data for leptin and insulin were available for 714 and 1054 of those individuals, respectively.
Results: The total NutriSTEP® score was significantly associated with serum leptin concentrations (p=0.003); for each unit increase in the total NutriSTEP® score, there was an increase of 0.01 ng/mL (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.004-0.018) in serum leptin concentrations after adjusting for potential confounders. The total NutriSTEP® score was not significantly associated with serum insulin concentration.
Conclusions: Parent reported nutritional risk is associated with serum leptin, but not insulin, concentrations in preschool-aged children. The NutriSTEP® questionnaire may be an effective tool for predicting future cardiometabolic risk in preschool-aged children.
Keywords: child; leptin; metabolism; nutrition assessment; preschool child.