Radiosynoviorthesis is used for local treatment of recurrent joint effusions, leads to necrosis of inflamed synovium due to beta radiation energy served after intraarticular radionuclide administration. The aim of the therapy is destruction and fibrosis of abnormal, hypertrophic synovial membrane and then full recovery of its normal function after local corticosteroids and systemic modifying drugs failure. Radiosynoviorthesis is effective in different type of peripheral arthritis like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory spondyloarthtropaties, gout, chondrocalcinosis, pigmented villo-nodular synovitis, recurrent knee effusion after total joint replacement, idiopathic knee joint effusion, osteoarthritis and secondary prevention of intraarticular bleeding in haemophilia. The absolute contraindications are: pregnancy and breastfeeding, uncontrolled coagulation disorders in haemophilic patients, septic skin changes around area of joint puncture, septic arthritis, raptured Baker's cyst. The commonly used radioisotypes in Europe are: 90Yttrium, 186Rhenium, 169Erbium. The favourable results could be reached on average in 60-80% of treated joints regardless of radionuclide used. The efficacy of radiosynoviorthesis is comparable with surgical synovectomy and in some selected situations both methods could be combined. If the primary failure of radiosynoviorthesis appeared procedure could be repeated, good results are obtained very frequently regardless of poor primary effect. Radiosynoviorthesis is safe, effective, simple and patient-friendly procedure, working fast in different type of arthtritis. The team consisted of rheumatologist, orthopedic surgeon and nuclear medicine specialist is essential for proper indications for local radiation therapy.
Keywords: chronic polyarthritis; radionuclides; radiosynoviorthesis.