High-Dose Rituximab Ineffective for Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Long-Term Observation Study

Am J Nephrol. 2017;46(2):108-113. doi: 10.1159/000477944. Epub 2017 Jul 13.

Abstract

Background: A beneficial effect of rituximab (RTX) on focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in pediatric patients or in transplant recipients has been reported in isolated cases. However, the use of RTX in adult patients with idiopathic FSGS needs further investigation.

Methods: Eight patients who had biopsy-proven FSGS (63.9 ± 14.0, range 40-81 years, 4 women, 4 men) with major risk factors precluding corticosteroids or conventional immunosuppression were treated with a high dose of RTX (8 weekly doses of 375 mg/m2) and prospectively followed up for at least 2 years (29.1 ± 8.8 months, range 24-42 months).

Results: RTX failed to improve proteinuria in 7 out of 8 patients, who had persistent nephrotic proteinuria. In one case, a rapidly deteriorating renal function was also observed. Only one patient showed an improvement in renal function and a remarkable reduction in proteinuria. There were no differences in clinical or laboratory characteristics or in the CD20 B lymphocyte count after RTX between the responder and the 7 nonresponder patients.

Conclusions: Only a minority (1 of 8) in our series of adult patients with FSGS showed positive effects of high doses of RTX. Future studies are warranted to investigate more promising therapeutic options in the management of FSGS.

Keywords: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; Idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; Rituximab.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Biopsy
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / complications
  • Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / drug therapy*
  • Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / pathology
  • Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / urine
  • Humans
  • Immunologic Factors / therapeutic use*
  • Kidney Glomerulus / pathology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nephrotic Syndrome / drug therapy*
  • Nephrotic Syndrome / etiology
  • Nephrotic Syndrome / pathology
  • Nephrotic Syndrome / urine
  • Prospective Studies
  • Proteinuria / drug therapy*
  • Proteinuria / pathology
  • Proteinuria / urine
  • Rituximab / therapeutic use*
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Immunologic Factors
  • Rituximab