Calcium dependence of spontaneous neurotransmitter release

J Neurosci Res. 2018 Mar;96(3):335-347. doi: 10.1002/jnr.24116. Epub 2017 Jul 12.

Abstract

Spontaneous release of neurotransmitters is regulated by extracellular [Ca2+ ] and intracellular [Ca2+ ]. Curiously, some of the mechanisms of Ca2+ signaling at central synapses are different at excitatory and inhibitory synapses. While the stochastic activity of voltage-activated Ca2+ channels triggers a majority of spontaneous release at inhibitory synapses, this is not the case at excitatory nerve terminals. Ca2+ release from intracellular stores regulates spontaneous release at excitatory and inhibitory terminals, as do agonists of the Ca2+ -sensing receptor. Molecular machinery triggering spontaneous vesicle fusion may differ from that underlying evoked release and may be one of the sources of heterogeneity in release mechanisms.

Keywords: VGCC (voltage-gated calcium channels); calcium; minis; spontaneous release.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Calcium / metabolism
  • Calcium / physiology
  • Calcium Channels / metabolism
  • Calcium Channels / physiology*
  • Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / physiology
  • Miniature Postsynaptic Potentials / physiology
  • Neurons / metabolism
  • Neurotransmitter Agents / metabolism
  • Neurotransmitter Agents / physiology
  • Synapses / physiology
  • Synaptic Transmission / physiology*
  • Synaptic Vesicles / metabolism
  • Synaptic Vesicles / physiology

Substances

  • Calcium Channels
  • Neurotransmitter Agents
  • Calcium