Background: Scapular winging resulting from long thoracic nerve palsy is uncommon but debilitating, and the choice of surgical treatment is inconsistent. The autogenous semitendinosus tendon plays a key role as an interposed tendon graft, although its use in the indirect transfer of the sternal head of the pectoralis major during the treatment of scapular winging has rarely been reported.
Materials and methods: A retrospective review was performed during a 9-year period from the clinical data of 26 cases (28 shoulders) with indirect transfer of the sternal head of the pectoralis major with the interposition of an autogenous semitendinosus tendon graft for dynamic stabilization of the scapula. The range of active movement (forward elevation, abduction, and external rotation), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, visual analog scale score, and complications were evaluated with a mean of 47 months of clinical follow-up.
Results: Patients' active shoulder movements (forward elevation, abduction, and external rotation), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and visual analog scale score showed significant improvements (P < .01). One seroma developed and resolved with extraction. Four shoulders had adhesive capsulitis and recovered after physiotherapy. There was no recurrence of scapular winging in any patient.
Conclusion: Timely treatment, often surgical, is vital to the recovery of scapular winging secondary to long thoracic nerve palsy. Our results suggest that indirect transfer of the sternal head of the pectoralis major with interposition of the autogenous semitendinosus tendon can effectively treat scapular winging due to long thoracic nerve palsy with limited sequelae. Widespread use of this technique is recommended.
Keywords: Scapular winging; indirect transfer; long thoracic nerve palsy; pectoralis major transfer; semitendinosus; sternal head.
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