Validation of the Participation Measure-3 Domains, 4 Dimensions (PM-3D4D)

Feng-Hang Chang; Kwang-Hwa Chang; Tsan-Hon Liou; Gale G Whiteneck

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2017.05.027

Validation of the Participation Measure-3 Domains, 4 Dimensions (PM-3D4D)

Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Dec;98(12):2498-2506. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.05.027. Epub 2017 Jul 4.

Authors

Feng-Hang Chang¹, Kwang-Hwa Chang², Tsan-Hon Liou³, Gale G Whiteneck⁴

Affiliations

¹ Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: fhchang@tmu.edu.tw.
² Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
³ Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁴ Craig Hospital, Englewood, CO.

PMID: 28687318
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.05.027

Abstract

Objective: To examine the construct validity of the Participation Measure-3 Domains, 4 Dimensions (PM-3D4D), a multidimensional participation measure developed for use in rehabilitation practice.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Outpatient rehabilitation programs.

Participants: Rehabilitation patients (N=556; mean age, 61.4±23.6y; 47.1% women).

Interventions: Not applicable.

Main outcome measures: The PM-3D4D is a 19-item measure designed to evaluate participation in 3 domains-Productivity, Social, and Community-across 4 dimensions-Diversity, Frequency, Desire for change, and Difficulty. Intercorrelations among the 4 dimensions of the PM-3D4D and correlations between the PM-3D4D and 3 legacy instruments-Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools-Objective, Participation Measure for Post-Acute Care, and Satisfaction With Life Scale-were examined to establish the convergent and divergent validity of the PM-3D4D. Known-group validity was evaluated by comparing PM-3D4D scores across age groups and groups of people classified by functional level.

Results: The Diversity scale of the PM-3D4D was strongly correlated with the Frequency scale (Spearman correlation coefficient, r_s=.83-.96 across the 3 domains), and these 2 scales showed moderate to strong correlations with the Difficulty scale (r_s=.42-.70) but weak (r_s=-.4 to 0) and insignificant correlations with the Desire for change scale. The Frequency and Difficulty scales of the PM-3D4D showed moderate to strong correlations with the Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools-Objective and Participation Measure for Post-Acute Care (r_s=.41-.82), respectively, and the Desire for change scale had weak correlations with the Satisfaction With Life Scale (r_s=-.32 to -.18). Significant differences in PM-3D4D scores were found by age and functional level.

Conclusions: Findings of this study support the construct validity of the PM-3D4D, providing evidence for using the PM-3D4D to assess rehabilitation patients' participation performance and helping practitioners identify intervention priorities to improve patients' participation outcomes.

Keywords: Outpatients; Patient outcome assessment; Psychometrics; Rehabilitation; Social participation.

Publication types

Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adult
Age Factors
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Cross-Sectional Studies
Disability Evaluation*
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Personal Satisfaction
Physical Therapy Modalities / standards*
Psychometrics
Reproducibility of Results
Severity of Illness Index
Sex Factors
Social Participation*
Socioeconomic Factors