Hearts lacking plasma membrane KATP channels display changes in basal aerobic metabolic substrate preference and AMPK activity

Abstract

Cardiac ATP-sensitive K⁺ (K_ATP) channels couple changes in cellular metabolism to membrane excitability and are activated during metabolic stress, although under basal aerobic conditions, K_ATP channels are thought to be predominately closed. Despite intense research into the roles of K_ATP channels during metabolic stress, their contribution to aerobic basal cardiac metabolism has not been previously investigated. Hearts from Kir6.2^+/+ and Kir6.2^-/- mice were perfused in working mode, and rates of glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose oxidation were measured. Changes in activation/expression of proteins regulating metabolism were probed by Western blot analysis. Despite cardiac mechanical function and metabolic efficiency being similar in both groups, hearts from Kir6.2^-/- mice displayed an approximately twofold increase in fatty acid oxidation and a 0.45-fold reduction in glycolytic rates but similar glucose oxidation rates compared with hearts from Kir6.2^+/+ mice. Kir6.2^-/- hearts also possessed elevated levels of activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), higher glycogen content, and reduced mitochondrial density. Moreover, activation of AMPK by isoproterenol or diazoxide was significantly blunted in Kir6.2^-/- hearts. These data indicate that K_ATP channel ablation alters aerobic basal cardiac metabolism. The observed increase in fatty acid oxidation and decreased glycolysis before any metabolic insult may contribute to the poor recovery observed in Kir6.2^-/- hearts in response to exercise or ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, K_ATP channels may play an important role in the regulation of cardiac metabolism through AMPK signaling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we show that genetic ablation of plasma membrane ATP-sensitive K⁺ channels results in pronounced changes in cardiac metabolic substrate preference and AMP-activated protein kinase activity. These results suggest that ATP-sensitive K⁺ channels may play a novel role in regulating metabolism in addition to their well-documented effects on ionic homeostasis during periods of stress.

Keywords: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATP-sensitive potassium channels; cardiac metabolism; fatty acid oxidation; glucose oxidation; glycolysis.