Alternans in atria: Mechanisms and clinical relevance

Medicina (Kaunas). 2017;53(3):139-149. doi: 10.1016/j.medici.2017.04.004. Epub 2017 Jun 7.

Abstract

Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia and its prevalence is rapidly rising with the aging of the population. Cardiac alternans, defined as cyclic beat-to-beat alternations in contraction force, action potential (AP) duration and intracellular Ca2+ release at constant stimulation rate, has been associated with the development of ventricular arrhythmias. Recent clinical data also provide strong evidence that alternans plays a central role in arrhythmogenesis in atria. The aim of this article is to review the mechanisms that are responsible for repolarization alternans and contribute to the transition from spatially concordant alternans to the more arrhythmogenic spatially discordant alternans in atria.

Keywords: Action potential; Alternans; Arrhythmias; Atria; Calcium signaling.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Action Potentials
  • Arrhythmias, Cardiac
  • Atrial Fibrillation* / physiopathology
  • Heart Atria* / physiopathology
  • Humans
  • Myocytes, Cardiac*