Effect of Motives for Food Choice on Oral Health among Primary School Children in Mangalore: An Analytical Survey

Viral Vijay Mehta; Gururaghavendran Rajesh; Ashwini Rao; Ramya Shenoy; Mithun Pai; Vijayendranath Nayak

doi:10.7860/JCDR/2017/25375.9867

Effect of Motives for Food Choice on Oral Health among Primary School Children in Mangalore: An Analytical Survey

J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 May;11(5):ZC59-ZC63. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/25375.9867. Epub 2017 May 1.

Authors

Viral Vijay Mehta¹, Gururaghavendran Rajesh², Ashwini Rao³, Ramya Shenoy⁴, Mithun Pai⁴, Vijayendranath Nayak⁵

Affiliations

¹ Lecturer, Department of Community Dentistry, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal.
² Professor and Head, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
³ Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
⁴ Associate Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
⁵ Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, AJ Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Abstract

Introduction: Parents influence children's eating behaviours by making some foods available than others and by acting as models of eating behaviour. Food selected by parents influence general and oral health of their children.

Aim: Aim of this study was to assess oral health parameters among primary school children and motives for food choice among their parents in Mangalore.

Materials and methods: A total of 759 primary school children aged 5-10 years, and their parents participated in this study. Motives for food choice among parents of children were evaluated by using Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ). Oral health status of students was assessed by using World Health Organisation (WHO) Basic Oral Health Assessment Form. Data pertaining to dietary habits and demographics was also collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics along with Pearson's correlation and Binary logistic regression were executed for the present study and level of significance was fixed at p<0.05.

Results: Caries prevalence was 10.8% and 68.9% in permanent and primary dentitions, respectively. Mean Decayed, Missing And Filled Tooth (DMFT) index scores among study subjects were 0.21±0.72 and 3.08±3.11 for permanent and primary dentitions, respectively. Increase in caries prevalence was significantly associated with decrease in total FCQ scores. FCQ domains 'health', 'natural content' and 'weight control' were significantly correlated with dental caries experience. FCQ also showed significant correlation with socio-economic variables.

Conclusions: Overall, dental caries experience was found to be high. Parental food choice motives positively influenced dietary patterns and caries experience of their children. Caries experience was less in children whose parents reported higher scores on FCQ. Understanding the barriers, identification of risk factors for poor food choices and targeting interventions might formulate ways by which the desired behaviour can be achieved.

Keywords: Dental caries; Diet; Social environment; Socioeconomic status; Treatment needs.