Highly ordered AlxGa1-xN nanorods with varied aluminum alloy compositions (0.18 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) are fabricated with nanoimprint lithography and top-down dry etching techniques. And the structural properties and morphology are obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Compared with as-grown AlGaN samples, nanorod samples reveal outstanding optical performance on account of strain releasing and light extraction enhancement. Through Raman scattering and cathodeluminescence measurements, it has been observed clear red-shifts of E2h modes and near band edge emission (NBE) peaks of AlGaN nanorods compared to the planar ones, indicating the residual strain releasing after nano-fabrication. The integrated intensities of NBE peaks of AlGaN nanorods manifest light emission enhancement up to 2.7 at deep-UV range. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations have been adopted to investigate the light extraction and far-field distribution of such structures, it turned out that ordered nanorod array can enhance the TM polarized emission extraction 2-7 folds compared to the planar structure. The optical regulation in nanorod arrays should take the responsibility for the observed optical enhancements, which is proved by the far-field distribution of light, thus it can improve the performance of ultraviolet LEDs.