Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify risk factors associated with postoperative urinary tract infections (UTIs) following hysterectomy-based surgical staging in women with endometrial cancer.
Methods: This is a retrospective study utilizing an institutional database (2008-2016) of stage I-IV endometrial cancer cases that underwent hysterectomy-based surgery. UTIs occurring within a 30-day time period after surgery were examined and correlated to patient clinico-pathological demographics.
Results: UTIs were observed in 44 (6.4%, 95% confidence interval 4.6-8.2) out of 687 cases subsequent to the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. UTI cases were significantly associated with obesity, advanced stage, prolonged operative time, hysterectomy type, pelvic lymphadenectomy, non-β-lactam antibiotics, and intraoperative urinary tract injury (all, p < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, three independent risk factors were identified for UTIs: prolonged operative time [odds ratio (OR) 3.36, 95% CI 1.65-6.87, p = 0.001], modified-radical/radical hysterectomy (OR 5.35, 95% CI 1.56-18.4, p = 0.008), and an absence of perioperative β-lactam antibiotics use (OR 3.50, 95% CI 1.46-8.38, p = 0.005). In a predictive model of UTI, the presence of multiple risk factors was associated with significantly increased risk of UTI: 4.1% for the group with no risk factors, 7.3-12.5% (OR 1.85-3.37) for single risk factor group, and 30.0-30.8% (OR 10.1-10.5) for two risk factor group.
Conclusion: Urinary tract infections are common in women following surgical treatment for women with endometrial cancer with risk factors being a prolonged surgical time, radical hysterectomy, and non-guideline perioperative anti-microbial agent use. Consideration of prophylactic anti-microbial agent use in a high-risk group of postoperative urinary tract infection merits further investigation.
Keywords: Endometrial cancer; Prediction model; Urinary tract infection.