As one of key factors for transfusion reaction, rare blood group has attached lots of attention for a long time. The proportion of the people population with rare blood group is actually low, however, the improper disposition caused by human error always leads to severe medical accident, showing its undoubted importance in transfusion medicine. Recently, more research about rare blood group are reported. Therefore, this review summarizes the development of this aspect, including mainly rare blood group, the detection of blood group phenotype, and the way of transfusion for rare blood group.