The protective role of maternal posttraumatic growth and cognitive trauma processing among Palestinian mothers and infants

Safwat Y Diab; Sanna Isosävi; Samir R Qouta; Saija Kuittinen; Raija-Leena Punamäki

doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.05.008

The protective role of maternal posttraumatic growth and cognitive trauma processing among Palestinian mothers and infants

Infant Behav Dev. 2018 Feb:50:284-299. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.05.008. Epub 2017 Jun 12.

Authors

Safwat Y Diab¹, Sanna Isosävi², Samir R Qouta³, Saija Kuittinen², Raija-Leena Punamäki⁴

Affiliations

¹ Al Quds Open University, Department of Educational Psychology, Gaza Strip, Palestine.
² University of Tampere, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Finland.
³ Islamic University Gaza, Department of Education and Psychology, Gaza, Palestine.
⁴ University of Tampere, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Finland; Universidad de Sevilla, Facultad de Psicología, Departemento de Psicologia Evolutiva y de la Education, Spain. Electronic address: Raija-leena.punamaki@uta.fi.

PMID: 28619421
DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.05.008

Abstract

War survivors use multiple cognitive and emotional processes to protect their mental health from the negative impacts of trauma. Because mothers and infants may be especially vulnerable to trauma in conditions of war, it is urgent to determine which cognitive and emotional processes are effective for preventing negative trauma impacts." This study examined whether mothers' high posttraumatic growth (PTG) and positive posttraumatic cognitions (PTC) protected (a) their own mental health and (b) their infants' stress regulation and sensorimotor and language development from the effects of war trauma. The participants were 511 Palestinian mothers and their infants living in the Gaza strip. The mothers were interviewed in their second trimester of pregnancy (T1) as well as when the infant was four months (T2) and twelve months (T3). Mothers reported posttraumatic growth (PTG; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996) at T1 and posttraumatic cognitions (PTCI; Foa et al., 1999) at T2. They also reported their exposure to traumatic war events both at T1 and T3 and described their mental health conditions (e.g., PTSD and/or depressive and dissociation symptoms) at T3. The Infant Behaviour Questionnaire (IBQ) was used to measure infants' stress regulation at T2 and sensorimotor and language development at T3. The results, based on regression analyses with interaction terms between trauma and PTG, showed that high levels of traumatic war events were not associated with high levels of PTSD, depressive, or dissociation symptoms among mothers showing high levels of PTG. This suggests that PTG may protect maternal mental health from the effects of trauma. In turn, positive maternal PTCs appeared to protect the infants' stress regulation from the effects of war trauma. The study concludes by discussing ways to develop and implement preventive interventions for mother-infant dyads in war conditions.

Keywords: Infant development; Maternal mental health; Posttraumatic cognitions; Posttraumatic growth; War trauma.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Adult
Arabs / psychology*
Cognition* / physiology
Emotions / physiology
Female
Humans
Infant
Infant Behavior / physiology
Infant Behavior / psychology*
Male
Mental Health
Middle Aged
Middle East / epidemiology
Mother-Child Relations / psychology*
Mothers / psychology*
Pregnancy
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / epidemiology
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / psychology*
Surveys and Questionnaires
Young Adult