Characterization of trace metal content in the developing zebrafish embryo

PLoS One. 2017 Jun 15;12(6):e0179318. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179318. eCollection 2017.

Abstract

Trace metals are essential for health but toxic when present in excess. The maintenance of trace metals at physiologic levels reflects both import and export by cells and absorption and excretion by organs. The mechanism by which this maintenance is achieved in vertebrate organisms is incompletely understood. To explore this, we chose zebrafish as our model organism, as they are amenable to both pharmacologic and genetic manipulation and comprise an ideal system for genetic screens and toxicological studies. To characterize trace metal content in developing zebrafish, we measured levels of three trace elements, copper, zinc, and manganese, from the oocyte stage to 30 days post-fertilization using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Our results indicate that metal levels are stable until zebrafish can acquire metals from the environment and imply that the early embryo relies on maternal contribution of metals to the oocyte. We also measured metal levels in bodies and yolks of embryos reared in presence and absence of the copper chelator neocuproine. All three metals exhibited different relative abundances between yolks and bodies of embryos. While neocuproine treatment led to an expected phenotype of copper deficiency, total copper levels were unaffected, indicating that measurement of total metal levels does not equate with measurement of biologically active metal levels. Overall, our data not only can be used in the design and execution of genetic, physiologic, and toxicologic studies but also has implications for the understanding of vertebrate metal homeostasis.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Embryo, Nonmammalian / metabolism*
  • Oocytes / metabolism*
  • Trace Elements* / pharmacokinetics
  • Trace Elements* / pharmacology
  • Zebrafish

Substances

  • Trace Elements

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, R00 DK84122. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.