Blood and milk polymorphonuclear leukocyte and monocyte/macrophage functions in naturally caprine arthritis encephalitis virus infection in dairy goats

Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2017 Jun:188:21-26. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.04.009. Epub 2017 Apr 29.

Abstract

The exact influence of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection on blood and milk polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) and monocyte/macrophages of goats remains unclear. Thus, the present study sought to explore the blood and milk PMNL and monocyte/macrophage functions in naturally CAEV-infected goats. The present study used 18 healthy Saanen goats that were segregated according to sera test outcomes into serologically CAEV negative (n=8; 14 halves) and positive (n=10; 14 halves) groups. All milk samples from mammary halves with milk bacteriologically positive outcomes, somatic cell count ≥2×106cellsmL-1, and abnormal secretions in the strip cup test were excluded. We evaluated the percentage of blood and milk PMNLs and monocyte/macrophages, the viability of PMNLs and monocyte/macrophages, the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the nonopsonized phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by flow cytometry. In the present study, a higher percentage of milk macrophages (CD14+) and milk polymorphonuclear leukocytes undergoing late apoptosis or necrosis (Annexin-V+/Propidium iodide+) was observed in CAEV-infected goats; we did not find any further alterations in blood and milk PMNL and monocyte/macrophage functions. Thus, regarding our results, the goats naturally infected with CAEV did not reveal pronounced dysfunctions in blood and milk polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes/macrophages.

Keywords: Goat; Lentivirus; Leukocyte function; Milk cells; Small ruminant.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine / immunology*
  • Female
  • Goat Diseases / blood
  • Goat Diseases / immunology
  • Goat Diseases / virology*
  • Goats / blood
  • Goats / immunology
  • Goats / virology
  • Lentivirus Infections / blood
  • Lentivirus Infections / immunology
  • Lentivirus Infections / veterinary*
  • Macrophages / immunology*
  • Milk / cytology
  • Milk / immunology
  • Milk / virology
  • Monocytes / immunology*
  • Neutrophils / immunology*