Background and aims: Anastomotic ulceration (AU) is a rare potential life-threatening complication that may occur after intestinal resection. The diagnosis is often delayed after a long-lasting history of refractory anemia. The pathogenesis remains unknown and there are no established therapies. The aim of the study was to analyze the medical history of children with short bowel syndrome (SBS) who were experiencing AU.
Methods: Records of SBS children were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, baseline characteristics, presentation, diagnosis and treatment of AU cases were analyzed.
Results: Eight out of 114 children with SBS were identified as having AU. Mean gestational age was 32.5weeks. Underlying diseases were: 5 necrotising enterocolitis, 2 gastroschisis and 1 multiple intestinal atresia. The mean age at AU diagnosis was 6.5years (diagnosis delay of 35months). All but 2 patients had AU persistency after medical treatment. Endoscopic treatment (2 argon plasma coagulation; 1 platelet-rich fibrin instillation; 2 endoscopic hydrostatic dilations) was effective in 3 out of 5 children. Surgery was required in 3 patients.
Conclusions: Severe bowel ischemic injury, especially in preterm infant, could predispose to AU development. Medical treatment showed discouraging results. We firstly described that different endoscopic treatment could be attempted before resorting to further surgery.
Level of evidence: IV.
Keywords: Anastomotic ulceration; Bowel ischemic injury; Endoscopic treatment; Prematurity; Short bowel syndrome.
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