Bottom-Up Electrochemical Deposition of Poly(styrene sulfonate) on Nanoarchitectured Electrodes

Michele Braglia; Ivan Vito Ferrari; Thierry Djenizian; Saulius Kaciulis; Peiman Soltani; Maria Luisa Di Vona; Philippe Knauth

doi:10.1021/acsami.7b04335

Bottom-Up Electrochemical Deposition of Poly(styrene sulfonate) on Nanoarchitectured Electrodes

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017 Jul 12;9(27):22902-22910. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b04335. Epub 2017 Jun 28.

Authors

Michele Braglia^{1

2

3}, Ivan Vito Ferrari^{1

2

3}, Thierry Djenizian⁴, Saulius Kaciulis⁵, Peiman Soltani⁵, Maria Luisa Di Vona^{2

3}, Philippe Knauth^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Aix Marseille Univ (AMU) , CNRS, Madirel (UMR 7246), Electrochemistry of Materials Group, site St Jérôme, 13397 Marseille, France.
² University of Rome Tor Vergata , Department of Industrial Engineering, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
³ International Associated Laboratory (L.I.A.): Ionomer Materials for Energy, Marseille, France and Rome, Italy.
⁴ Flexible Electronics Department, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne , Center Microelectronics Provence, 13541 Gardanne, France.
⁵ Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN - CNR , P.O. Box 10, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy.

PMID: 28608670
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04335

Abstract

The cathodic deposition of poly(styrene sulfonate) on nanoarchitectured TiO₂ electrodes is explored by cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic and galvanostatic experiments, showing a diffusion-controlled deposition described by Cottrell's law. The structure and composition of the polymer is evidenced by various spectroscopic techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and its morphology is studied by scanning electron microscopy. The average chain length can be estimated from the NMR spectra. The electropolymerization mechanism initiates by radical anion formation. The cycling behavior in half-cell batteries against Li metal is excellent, especially at high rates explored up to 10 C. The areal insertion capacity is above recent literature results, up to 80 μA h cm^-2. The combination of normalized areal power density and areal energy density is one of the best reported in the literature.

Keywords: Li battery; PSS; TiO2 nanotubes; aromatic polymer; insertion capacity; solid electrolyte.