Purpose: Obesity is a major public health concern. Despite its multi-factorial etiology, alterations in intestinal microbiota and the immune system are frequently observed. We investigated the effect of Duolac Gold (DG), a probiotic formulation containing 2 Lactobacillus strains (L. acidophilus LA1 and L. rharmnosus LR5), 3 Bifidobacterium (B. bifidum BF3, B. lactis BL3, and B. longum BG7), and Streptococcus thermophilus ST3, on morphometric and metabolic parameters, intestinal microbiota, and intestinal immune responses in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rat model.
Methods: Rats received either a conventional balanced diet or HFD with or without water containing DG for 8 weeks. HFD-induced adiposity, intestinal microbiota, and changes in inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, and metabolite levels in serum were evaluated.
Results: DG administration effectively decreased HFD-induced body weight and modulated morphometric and metabolic parameters. Quantitative analysis of fecal microbiota showed that obese rats given DG exhibited significantly increased levels of Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium, with significant decreases in the level of Firmicutes. Serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines and the chemokine were also altered. Serum metabolite analysis revealed that DG administration modulated HFD-induced changes in serum metabolites, including fatty acids (FA), lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine (PC), and triacylglycerol (TAG).
Conclusions: DG administration appears to have the potential to alleviate HDF-induced obesity through the modulation of intestinal microbiota, immune responses, and host metabolism, which supports the use of probiotics to treat obesity.
Keywords: High-fat diet; Intestinal microbiota; Obesity; Probiotics.