Simultaneous determination of brominated and phosphate flame retardants in flame-retarded polyester curtains by a novel extraction method

Yuichi Miyake; Masahiro Tokumura; Hayato Nakayama; Qi Wang; Takashi Amagai; Sayaka Ogo; Kazunari Kume; Takeshi Kobayashi; Shinji Takasu; Kumiko Ogawa; Kurunthachalam Kannan

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.249

Simultaneous determination of brominated and phosphate flame retardants in flame-retarded polyester curtains by a novel extraction method

Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 1:601-602:1333-1339. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.249. Epub 2017 Jun 9.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Science, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
² Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Science, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan. Electronic address: amagai@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp.
³ Shizuoka Institute of Environment and Hygiene, Shizuoka, Japan.
⁴ Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan.
⁵ Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan.
⁶ Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
⁷ Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, State University of New York at Albany, NY, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, NY, United States; United States and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: Kurunthachalam.kannan@health.ny.gov.

PMID: 28605852
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.249

Abstract

The use of novel brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and phosphate-based flame retardants (PFRs) has increased as substitutes for hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in many consumer products. To facilitate collection of data on chemicals used as flame retardants in textiles and fabrics, we developed an analytical method using liquid chromatography interfaced with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We compared two extraction methods, one involving ultrasonic extraction (traditional method) using dichloromethane, toluene or acetone and the other encompassing complete dissolution of textile with 25% 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol/chloroform. The dissolution method extracted up to 204 times more BFRs and PFRs than the traditional ultrasonic extraction. Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TDBP-TAZTO), triphenylphosphine oxide (TPhPO), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), tricresyl phosphate (TCsP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) were found in 40 flame-retarded curtain samples purchased from Japanese market in 2014. TDBP-TAZTO was detected in polyester curtains for the first time. Some of the flame-retarded curtain samples did not contain any of the known target analytes, which suggested the presence of other unknown flame retardants in those fabrics.

Keywords: Brominated flame retardants; Extraction method; Fabric; Indoor environment; Phosphate flame retardants.