Calcaneal fractures are potentially devastating injuries. To effectively manage calcaneal fractures, surgeons must understand the anatomy of the calcaneus as well as the surgical techniques necessary to restore normal biomechanics of the foot. Surgeons also must understand calcaneal fracture patterns and classifications; initial management techniques, surgical indications and rationale, temporizing management techniques, surgical approaches, definitive management techniques, and postoperative management for calcaneal fractures; as well as outcomes and common complications of calcaneal fractures.